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Mount St. Helens is most famous for its catastrophic
eruption on May 18, 1980 which was the deadliest and most economically
destructive
volcanic event in the history of the United
States. Fifty-seven people were killed; 250 homes, 47 bridges, 15 miles
of railways, and 185 miles
of highway were destroyed. The eruption caused
a massive debris avalanche, reducing the elevation of the mountain's summit
from 9,677 ft to
8,365 ft (2,550 m) and replacing it with a
1 mile wide horseshoe-shaped crater. The debris avalanche was up to 0.7
cubic miles in volume.
The Mount St. Helens National Volcanic Monument
was created to preserve the volcano and allow for its aftermath to be scientifically
studied.